Linked External Data🔗

Name	Geocoded Linked External Data- Residential Address History (GLED)
Concatenated Data	`geocoding/HBCD_address_history_geocoded_filtered.csv`
Construct	Neighborhood Measures
Study Visits	The GLED data in the current release include variables linked to the residential address history of the child for visit V01 (prenatal period up to 1 year before EDD)
Type	Linked External Data
Quality Control	Verify that addresses from the address history form fall within the appropriate catchment area boundaries. Assess address history completeness to ensure continuous coverage back to at least one year before the child's estimated due date (EDD). Geocode addresses and verify successful geocoding to ensure accurate linkage.

As a condition of using these data, specified in the data use certification (DUC), you agreed not to identify any individual from whom data was obtained and not to identify their relatives. To help maintain our participant’s anonymity, researchers should refrain from using geospatial information to identify actual geographic locations. To avoid identification, we have blurred the coded value to avoid any unique values that are shared by less than 10 individuals.

The geocoded variables were based on intersections between residential addresses reported by participants and geospatial databases built by environmental and neighborhood through publicly available geospatial database, including CDC and EPA. Therefore, the coded values represent estimates about potential exposures or experience given where the participants have spent their time. The accuracy of such estimates would be influenced by multiple factors, including the validity of the original geospatial databases. For detailed information about how original geospatial databases were built by publicly available geospatial databases, including CDC and EPA, please refer to the data dictionary where the link to the source data is provided.

Instrument Details🔗

Geocoded Linked External Data (GLED) are external datasets linked to participants’ residential addresses, provided as concatenated data within the HBCD data release.

GLED datasets serve as proxy measures of cumulative social, economic, and environmental contexts that may help explain individual differences in development (Fan et al. 2021). At each study visit, the Birth Parent or Primary Caregiver reports the child’s residential address history. Study staff collect this information in person or remotely (completion time: 5–15 minutes).

Geocoded linkage measures were deliberately designed to be compatible with the ABCD Study data, with appropriate updates for year (i.e. many of ABCD variables trace back to 2010 Census data, whereas HBCD is updated to 2020 Census data). The table below lists the geocoded measures included in the release for HBCD, categorized by domain, and associated links to the supplemental page provided for LED measure details (descriptions for each individual variable are available via this supplemental table). See Fan et al. 2021 for additional details regarding each domain/measure.

Geocoded Linkage Measures🔗

Measure By Domain	Relevant Variables	Link
AIR POLLUTION
Satellite-based Particulate Measures	`particulate_{ec\|oc\|nh4\|no3\|so4}_mean_yb0`
SOIL POLLUTION
Soil Contamination Measures	`soilpoll_{at\|hhet}_{As\|Cd\|Co\|Cu\|Ni\|Pb}`; `gw_li`
AMENITIES & SERVICES
Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status and Demographics	`nbhsoc_{forborn\|college\|finc\|unemploy\|factor}_prop`
Parks	`parks_{parks*}_count`
Religious/Civic Organizations	`relciv_{civsoc\|relorg}_{count\|prop}`
Social Service	`socsrv_socsrv*_{count\|prop}`
BUILT ENVIRONMENT
Building Density (EPA)	`densbld_density`
Population Density (EPA)	`denspop_density`
Vehicle Density (ACS)	`densveh_{area\|pop}_density`
Urban/Rural Area (Census)	`urban_urbanclassification`
Walkability (EPA)	`walk_idx`
COMMUNITY HEALTH BURDEN
Behavioral Health Measures (PLACES)	`places_*_preval`
NATURAL SPACE & SATELLITE
Measure of Land Cover and Tree Canopy (NLCD)	`nlcd`; `tcc`
NEIGHBORHOOD SOCIAL FACTORS
Census Return (Anomie/Disenfranchisement/Social Capital)	`censusret_*`
Number of Jobs and Job Density (LODES)	`lodes_job*_{count\|density}`
Rent and Mortgage Statistics (ACS)	`rentmort_*`
Social Mobility (Opportunity Atlas)	`socmob_kfrpp_{count\|mean\|p*_percentile\|se}`
NEIGHBORHOOD COMPOSITE MEASURES
Area Deprivation Index (ADI)	`adi_national_prcnt`
Child Opportunity Index 2.0 (COI)	`coi_{coi\|ed\|he\|se}_total_{metro\|national\|state}`
Minority Health Social Vulnerability Index (MHSVI)	`ssvi__prcnt`; `ssvi__state_prop`
Social Vulnerability Index (SVI)	`ssvi__{prcnt\|prcntile}`; `ssvi__state_prop`

Fan, C. C., Marshall, A., Smolker, H., Gonzalez, M. R., Tapert, S. F., Barch, D. M., Sowell, E., Dowling, G. J., Cardenas-Iniguez, C., Ross, J., Thompson, W. K., & Herting, M. M. (2021). Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study Linked External Data (LED): Protocol and practices for geocoding and assignment of environmental data. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience , 52(101030), 101030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2021.101030